Five suspects in the theft of the slogan "Arbeit macht Frei" held in Poland

The Polish police found fragments of the inscription "Arbeit macht Frei", stolen from the entrance to the concentration camps of Auschwitz this week, and holds five suspects.

Registration metal, with words meaning "work makes free" in German, surmounted the entrance of Auschwitz, now a museum and most visited former Nazi camps

Europe : victim of the cold

A bitter cold with snow storms hit Europe, killing at least 29 people in Poland alone during the night from Saturday to Sunday. Nordic Countries to Italy, the disturbances were the common lot of motorists and users of air transport and rail in the last weekend before Christmas.

In France, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation has asked airlines to Roissy-Charles de Gaulle on Sunday to cancel 40% of their flights until 15h, then 20% until early evening and again 20 % Monday morning.

In Britain, flights resumed at Manchester Airport, the busiest in the UK outside the London area, following the snow the only track that had been closed on time for operations.

Belgium has also been affected by bad weather on the air front. In Brussels, the passengers waited for hours in hopes of changing flight reservations.

Delays and flight cancellations were reported at the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, while in western Germany, Düsseldorf airport was closed due to heavy snowfall, with flights canceled or diverted .

Users railways were not better off. Trains from Belgium to Italy were delayed because of frost and icy routes. As traffic Eurostar, he has been suspended after a series of breakdowns that have blocked several trains for hours in the Channel Tunnel and had to stay up that we "fully understands" the reasons, according to the director Executive Officer, Richard Brown, the target of much criticism. Because of these failures approximately 31,000 people were forced to cancel their trip Saturday and 26,000 others would be affected on Sunday, according to Eurostar.

So far, Poland is the country hardest hit on a human level by the fall of mercury: 29 people died of hypothermia in the country over the weekend while nighttime temperatures reached in some places -- 20 degrees Celsius. Police on Sunday called the Poles to alert services if they were to meet people drunk or homeless people exposed to cold, to try to reduce the number of people who die each winter from hypothermia.

In Austria, the authorities reported the deaths of three people died of cold, while trying to return home after spending the night outside. Two of them were discovered in the province of Styria méridioniale, where temperatures are below -20 degrees, and the third near Salzburg.

In France, a man was found dead Saturday in his caravan Biache-Saint-Vaast, near Arras. According to the prefecture of Pas-de-Calais, "we can not confirm that he died of cold. Other causes are likely occurred. Furthermore, the body of a homeless man was found Saturday night in downtown Marseille. According to the track favored by the investigators, the young Polish 28 years have succumbed to hypothermia.

In much of Germany, the thermometer has dipped under the -15/-20 degrees during the night. A homeless man in Mannheim is a priori frozen to death Saturday morning while he was sleeping near an unused railroad after drinking, police said.

Further north, at least four people died in Finland in traffic accidents after a storm marked by the fall of 20cm of snow on the pavement.

In Italy, where the winters are generally milder, significant snowfall and a mercury dropped below zero caused the mess. In Sicily, the Department of Defense has dispatched helicopters to ferry crews of Emergency Preparedness to the people who needed emergency medical care.

The Italian federation of agricultural entrepreneurs Coldiretti warned that the roads covered with ice and snow delayed the distribution of milk while the frigid temperatures could damage fruit trees, vineyards and olive groves.

Result of weathering, major football matches were canceled in Italy, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Finally, many parts of Switzerland have had their Sunday night in December the coldest for many years. A new record for the current winter has been recorded in La Brevine, nicknamed the "Siberia of Switzerland (canton of Neuchâtel), where he was -34.2 degrees. Whichever is lowest for December since 2001, according MeteoSwiss

The Eurostar rail traffic suspended Monday

The Eurostar train traffic between the United Kingdom and France will remain suspended on Monday, we learn from the company.

The traffic has been suspended since Saturday due to power outages that have detained five trains in the night from Friday to Saturday, with more than 2,000 passengers in the tunnel.

Trains tests were circulated on Sunday to try to find an explanation to specific technical problems.

"The traffic will remain suspended tomorrow (Monday) all day," he told Reuters by telephone a spokesman for the company in London.

"Tests conducted on Sunday have allowed a great advance in the understanding of the technical problem. However, new tests should take place on Monday," she said.

Eurostar said that such a phenomenon had not occurred for fifteen years and its CEO, Richard Brown, has apologized to passengers.

MEP Dominique Baudis, who was one of the passengers trapped in the night from Friday to Saturday, has called for an investigation to determine the causes of the blackout. In France Info microphone, he accused Eurostar of "non-assistance to persons in danger".

Last year, the Channel Tunnel, opened in 1994, was closed two days after a fire on a freight train.

Some 40,000 people travel daily on the Eurostar line between the UK and mainland Europe.

Closing of Macy's in New York following a fire in an escalator

Hundreds of customers were evacuated Sunday afternoon of Macy's Herald Square located in New York after a fire in an escalator which caused smoke in the building. No reports of casualties has been released immediately.

The fire occurred between the second and third floors, according to firefighters.

The sirens of many police vehicles and services to fight against the fires have long heard after the announcement of the fire at 16h (21h GMT) at one of the great days of the year spent shopping.

In front of the building, police said after 17h (22h GMT) that Macy's was closed. The smoke was so important at a time that passersby walking on the street could feel it.

The fire occurred while stores of Manhattan trying to recover from the snow fell on the town a few hours earlier.

Pius XII: Israel calls to see the Vatican archives


To justify the elevation of the late Pope to the rank of "venerable", the Vatican says have evidence that he helped Jews during the Second World War. The Jewish state wants to see them.


The decision Saturday by Benedict XVI to elevate the status of "venerable", the last stage before the beatification, Pope John Paul II and most controversial Pope Pius XII, causing a stir in Israel. On Sunday, Israel has formally requested to consult the historical archives of the Vatican on the one who led the Church during the Second World War.

At the same time he raised his predecessor, Pope has chosen to do the same honor to a more controversial figure. Eugenio Pacelli, who led the Catholic Church from 1939 to 1958 under the name of Pius XII, accused by many historians to have been totally silent on the issue of the Holocaust, even when Roman Jews were deported in late 1943.

For this reason Israel rose in 2008 against the wishes of Benedict XVI to Pius XII beatification. The Israeli Minister of Social Affairs, Yitzhak Herzog, had then protested, saying that "the project to turn Pius XII a saint is unacceptable. During the Holocaust, the Vatican knew very well what was happening in Europe (...) The pope kept silent and may be made worse, instead of rising, according to the biblical commandment against the bloodshed " .

Historical Controversy


Stephan Kramer, general secretary of the Central Council of Jews in Germany was "furious" and "sad", saying that Benedict XVI "rewrite history". To some, indeed, the Pope would try to take advantage of the immense popularity of John Paul II in the Christian community to "get" the beatification of Pius XII, more controversial.

The Jewish community of Rome has expressed a position "critical", requiring access to Vatican archives of the time and recalling the departure in 1943 of a train of Jews deported to Auschwitz "in the silence of Pius XII.

A version that the church denies, as some historians who believe that Pius XII has played a big role in saving hundreds of thousands of Jewish victims of Nazi persecution. If it does not rise publicly to defend the Roman Jews, Pius XII did or hide help many in the Vatican. It also asserts that Benedict XVI, who claims to have evidence of these facts in the archives of the Holy See.

On Sunday, Israel has asked for access to these archives, which are normally open to researchers in 2013. "" The beatification process does not concern us, is a matter which concerns only the Catholic Church. As for the role of Pius XII, is for historians to evaluate and we therefore urge the opening of Vatican archives during the World War, "said the spokesman of Foreign Affairs Yigal Palmor.

Julien Dray settles accounts with the PS and the press


Julien Dray revealed on Radio J that he had canceled a family trip to Israel during the investigation because "I had reports that some were about to explain that I had fled to Israel as other personalities" . Photo credits: AFP
PS The member of Essonne, bleached by the Justice blasted the silence of the PS and accuses Le Monde and Liberation of having "acted as editors activists, paying previous political battles."


Four days after being cleared by the court, after an investigation for "breach of trust" presumed, Julien Dray empty heart. Visiting Radio J, the socialist deputy of Essonne again denounced the attitude of the PS and engaged in a violent charge against Le Monde and Liberation. "I think the PS has not grown. I think his spokesman in the early days would have recalled a number of principles, "Julien Dray has launched, aimed Benoît Hamon. When legal problems Julien Dray, the PS had made discreet and had refrained from words of support too ostentatious. Benoît Hamon, and was soberly explained to the outbreak of the scandal: "Julien Dray is presumed innocent, secondly, it is the subject of a preliminary hearing but was not indicted, and thirdly, it is a matter private.

Julien Dray also noted that the first secretary of the PS, Martine Aubry, had still not phoned since the decision of the prosecution. The relationship between the two bosses are particularly strained since November when the PS was excluded, pending the decision of Justice, the regional list in the Essonne. For MP, this censorship could only come from above, as he said in a note posted on his blog.
A "debate on how the press malfunction"

But it is against the press that the former Trotskyite activist has been hardest on Sunday, accusing him of having lynched. "In this case, the editors have acted as editors activists, settling old scores of past political battles," he said. "I think that two editors will continue with odd not admit they were wrong," he said quoting Liberation and Le Monde. "I now request the press to respect the basic principles," demanded the deputy who wants a "debate on how it works or rather dysfunctional."

However, Julien Dray gave a good neighbor in the Essonne, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, who left the Socialist Party to form the Left Party. "I have always been hard to see Jean-Luc from PS and it is a defeat of PS as having lost." Also departing from the opposition of some socialists on the question of national identity, Julien Dray has encouraged the left to participate in the debate launched by the government and Immigration Minister Eric Besson.

"I do not know if this debate is justified and desirable but it is there and we must respond," said the founder of SOS Racisme. "This shows that the debate on French identity, tensions are racist, rejection ... Why hide? Instead, to solve these problems we must discuss, "he added. "The Nation exists only through the Republic. I talked about a debate on the Republican identity, "noted the deputy who said that Nicolas Sarkozy had" beaten "in Copenhagen. "The President of the United States has not lived up to the challenge that represents the future of the planet. The United States played the first U.S. industry in an agreement with China, "he lamented Julien Dray.


A major eruption of Mayon volcano in the Philippines

An explosive eruption of the most active volcano in the Philippines, the Mayon, could occur within days, warned on Sunday. More than 40,000 villagers have been evacuated as a precaution.
Scientists have sounded the alarm before the sharp acceleration of earthquakes associated with volcanic activity, which increased from just over 200 Saturday to 453 in the space of five hours Sunday, according to Renato Solidum, head Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology.

The alert level was raised in four out of five, which means that hazardous eruption is "possible in a few days." The five level scale means a major eruption began.

The army and police should step up their patrols to check the prohibition of entering a danger zone around the volcano, which rises to 2460 meters, according to Joey Salceda, governor of Albay province, about 340km south-east the Philippine capital Manila.

More than 40,000 villagers have been evacuated to schools and emergency shelters, but some have been identified in the prohibited area currently caring for their farms. Some 5,000 other villagers were being evacuated from near the volcano.

Mayon started spewing ash and lava. On Sunday, a column of ash nearly a mile rose above the crater and lava flow descended 4.5 kilometers on the flanks of the volcano, according to Joey Salceda.

A major eruption can trigger pyroclastic flows, volcanic gas mixture at high temperature and volcanic debris that can rush down the flanks of the volcano at high speed. Projections of extensive ash may also occur.

In previous major eruption of Mayon in recent years, including pyroclastic flows have dropped to six kilometers from the crater on the southern flank, an agricultural area where most residents have been evacuated by Mr. Salceda.

Liftoff of Soyouz flights to ISS

A Russian Soyuz spaceship with three cosmonauts aboard took off early Monday morning from the launch pad in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, bound for the International Space Station (ISS).

The Russian Oleg Kotov, the American Timothy Creamer and Japanese Soichi Noguchi to join on board the ISS American Jeff Williams and Russian Maxim Souraïev, staying in the space station since October.

Twitter victim of an attack "Iran"

The site Twitter micro-blogging seems to have been the victim of an attack Friday, December 18 morning. The site remained completely inaccessible for almost two hours, with a message to claim a "cyber army Iranian" appearing on the homepage.

"The United States believes that they control and manage Internet, but this is not the case, we control and manage Internet by our power" could be read in broken English. According to Le Figaro, "Twitter, including all sites remained inaccessible, has so far not provided any explanation on the nature and extent of the attack. Several methods can be used in place of a web page, hacking servers of the site to redirect the domain name less serious. "

Twitter is not at its first security flaw, reports the U.S. site Techcrunch. Two months ago, an error in the configuration of their servers had revealed such information on the internal network. Some hoped that with the appointment of new manager Dick Costolo and several high-level engineers, including security experts, the problems of the kind would disappear. The site continues:

"We do not know much about the group that claimed responsibility for the attack, we never heard their names before and they are not on site security and hacking. Iranian similar groups were active during the election campaign in this country. "

The site of micro-blogging had played an important role in the Iranian presidential election and the protests that followed (and which still exists). He was enabled to follow the demonstrations and other actions of opponents online. The first manifestations had been micro-blogguées live well before CNN - channel yet known for its breaking news - not interested, sparking anger in passing Iranian users.

In April, Loïc Reich returned columns in Slate on the phenomenon of nationalist hackers, the hackers virtual maintaining relations with States disorders and are increasingly politicized.

Snowstorm on the East Coast of the United States

A snowstorm that looks like a blizzard hit this weekend, the East Coast of the United States, killing at least five people, disrupting transport in the region and depriving hundreds of thousands of users of electricity.

In Washington, where they did not rule out beating the record snowfall in 2003, the first record has been beaten to Reagan National Airport, with the largest snowfall in a single day in December : 40 centimeters of snow.

In a federal capital where a storm warning of snow was in force, fell to 60cm of snow in places and public transport was virtually at a standstill. Philadelphia also was covered by almost 59cm of snow. In terms of importance, the snowfall is the second largest since the statistics for that city in 1884. Medford, a suburb of Philadelphia, she was dressed in a white mantle of 60m thick.

And those who ventured out Saturday, the last before Christmas and usually one of the busiest days of the year, ended up in stores virtually empty when the Santas were bored with that person without getting caught photographed.

In Virginia, the National Guard was mobilized to assist in 4x4 motorists in difficulty, and about 500 people had to take cover in shelters emergency.

The snowy front moved slowly toward the northeast, meteorologists providing more than 41cm of snow by Sunday evening on the Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, and up to 25cm in New York.

Alerts to the snowstorm that were in effect for parts of the State of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, while gusts up to 96km / h. Forty centimeters of snow were expected in parts of southern New England.

Back from Copenhagen, President Barack Obama landed on Andrews Air Force Base where the track had been cleared by snowplows before his arrival. He has won the White House by car, use of the helicopter is impossible due to weather conditions.

Most flights were canceled at Reagan Airport and Washington Dulles International, and those of Philadelphia. Some 800 flights were also canceled in the three major airports near New York

Berlusconi's popularity soars after assault

Silvio Berlusconi enjoys a broad current of sympathy in Italy after the attack by a deranged last Sunday, a poll shows.

The popularity of Italian prime minister descended below 50% in mid-November (48.6%), climbing to 55.9%, according to this survey ISPO institute published Sunday by Corriere della Sera.

The pollster Renato Mannheimer noted that this increase in popularity is strongest among young voters and Catholics. But it is also detectable among the voters of the center-left, with 17% of positive opinions.

The attack against Berlusconi, who had a broken nose, two broken teeth and cuts on his lips, has shocked many Italians and recalled the years of "lead" in the 1970s and 1980s, when the country was beset by political violence .

The assailant, Massimo Tartaglia was followed for ten years for psychiatric problems and had no links with any political movement. But Berlusconi's entourage has denounced a climate of hatred against the President of the Council itself customary verbal attacks against his opponents.

If politicians of all persuasions have expressed their solidarity with Berlusconi and called for dialogue, Italy remains polarized vis-à-vis the emperor of media.

Renato Mannheimer said that based on surveys conducted in recent days, between 20 and 25% welcome Massimo Tartaglia, saying that Berlusconi "is dangerous for the country".

One week to the day after the attack, Silvio Berlusconi attended, this time by telephone to a rally of his supporters in which he stated:

"It is clear to everyone that if a head of government is accused of bribing and murdering teenage freedom of the press and being, according to a witness testifying before a court, a member of the mafia, a high killer scale and a tyrant, but a weak mind can be convinced that lifting the tyrant will be a national hero. "

Trooper, who was released from hospital on Thursday and sits with him, said, according to Ansa news agency: "Two out of three Italians believe that as we love and solidarity prevail always envy and hatred. "

Fidel Castro: the climate agreement in Copenhagen is "undemocratic"

Fidel Castro said Sunday that the climate agreement reached at the UN conference in Copenhagen was "undemocratic" and described as "misleading" the speech in the Danish capital by U.S. President Barack Obama.

In one of his usual "thinking" that are the subject of publications, the former Cuban president criticizes the agreement that urges major polluters of the planet to make deeper cuts in emissions of greenhouse gas emissions but does not.

He says the only industrialized countries have been able to speak at the summit, while the poor and emerging states have only been entitled to listen.

The Lider Maximo book position while Bolivian President Evo Morales said Sunday that he would hold another conference on climate change. The Bolivian head of state urged the international community to mobilize against the failure of the Copenhagen summit, which ended Saturday after two weeks of tension and political battles.

Nicolas Sarkozy telephone Florence Cassez

Nicolas Sarkozy spoke by phone Sunday night with Florence Cassez, the French held in Mexico for over four years after being sentenced to 60 years in prison for kidnapping.

In a statement, the Elysee said that the Head of State "has ensured that he personally saw to follow his case and that the French authorities continue to lend all the assistance provided by the law."

Arrested December 8, 2005 and sentenced to 60 years in prison for kidnapping which she said innocent, Florence Break has just started its fifth year of incarceration in Mexico. In March, Mr Sarkozy said he had obtained his Mexican counterpart, Felipe Calderon, the young woman was transferred to France to serve his sentence.

But, fearing an early release, Mexico had rejected that option last June. On December 8, the Quai d'Orsay had indicated that "new elements" brought the France "to doubt that Florence Cassez has received a fair trial and the defense was able to assert its rights." 

The Mexican Embassy had reacted immediately, saying the French had been "judged according to law and convicted at trial and on appeal for particularly serious crimes". She "was able to use all the defenses provided by Mexican law," has always been represented by counsel of his confidence and also received consular assistance from the Embassy of France in Mexico.

According to one of his lawyers, Mr. Franck Berton, France would be studying closely a referral to the International Court of Justice in The Hague, adding that the Quai d'Orsay is preparing an application. "It does not do it, but nothing is decided yet," stated the Elysee Palace early December

Egypt will officially request the return of the bust of Nefertiti

The Secretary General of Supreme Council of Egyptian Antiquities announced Sunday that he would formally request the return of the bust of Queen Nefertiti at the Berlin Museum, having received documents showing that the statue was illegally exported from Egypt.

Zahi Hawass said in a statement that the director of the Egyptian Museum in Berlin had presented documents showing that the German who had discovered the limestone bust of 3300 years had produced fraudulent documents to get him out of Egypt in 1913.

He said he had acted "dishonestly with intent to deceive." Mr. Hawass is holding a meeting this week to formally request the return of the bust.

The Secretary General of Supreme Council of Egyptian Antiquities is campaigning to recover the lost treasures of Egypt. Recently, fragments of frescoes were made by the Louvre to the Egyptian authorities

Derailment of a train near Paris RER, SNCF traffic disrupted


The derailment of a train RER at Choisy-le-Roi, in the Paris suburbs, made a dozen minor injuries, the station announced in a statement.

Radio France Info has spoken of his side of 17 minor injuries among the 300 people aboard.

The train traffic was suspended as a result of the Paris-Toulouse.

The incident, according to the SNCF, was due to a block of concrete hit by a car and thrown onto the tracks. The concrete block was damaged catenary. A train RER, striking the concrete block is out of the rails.

Emergency services were brought on site as well as response teams from SNCF, the SNCF said in a statement.

A witness contacted by Reuters said he was blocked Aubrais station in Orleans, on board a train from Limoges. A delay of at least three hours was announced to passengers aboard the train.

14 dead in Mogadishu

Shelling between Islamist rebels and Somali government troops killed at least 14 dead and 28 wounded in the capital Mogadishu, residents and NGOs on Human Rights.

Insurgents have fired mortars against government positions, drawing return fire one that killed civilians in several suburbs of Mogadishu and resulted in scenes of panic.

The fighting in Somalia have been 19,000 civilian deaths since early 2007 and led 1.5 million others to flee, causing a humanitarian crisis the worst in the world today.

Death of American actress Brittany Murphy at the age of 32

Hollywood actress Brittany Murphy, who starred in such films as "8 Mile" or "For better or for worse," died Sunday of a heart attack at age 32, reports the Los Angeles Times .

Her acting career began in 1993 in "Family Prayers".

Firefighters were called Sunday to Murphy's home in West Hollywood, and Brittany Murphy have transferred to Cedars-Sinai hospital near Beverly Hills, where she was pronounced dead.

Twelve Guantanamo detainees transferred in three countries

Twelve detainees at the U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay on the island of Cuba, were transferred to Afghanistan, Yemen and Somaliland, announced the U.S. Department of Justice.

Six Yemeni detainees and four Afghans were returned this weekend in their respective countries and two Somalis were handed over to authorities in Somaliland, an enclave of north-western Somalia that declared its "independence" in 1991.

These transfers are part of the policy decision of U.S. President Barack Obama to close Guantanamo as of January 22, 2010, a deadline that is likely not to be respected because many diplomatic and political barriers.

"These transfers were made through individual agreements between U.S. and foreign competent authorities to ensure that transfers take place under conditions of adequate security," said the Ministry of Justice in a statement.

With these transfers, there remains today that 198 Guantanamo inmates, regarded by the United States, as "enemy combatants".

Some of them may be tried in U.S. courts by civil or military.

Others should be transferred abroad.

Angela Merkel defended the outcome of Copenhagen

Angela Merkel defended the outcome of Copenhagen, saying that critics are the hands of those who block progress. The German Chancellor said Sunday in the weekly Bild am Sonntag "that" Copenhagen is a first step towards a new global climate policy, but no more no less.

"Whoever does that say bad things about Copenhagen is providing support to those who put the brakes rather than advance," laments the Chancellor. To her, he must now build on the foundations of the Copenhagen agreement.

The climate conference ended on Saturday on an "agreement in Copenhagen", a compromise not legally binding

Thirty-five years in prison for a crime he did not commit

"Mr. Bain. I sign your order now. You are a free man. Congratulations. "

I took 35 years to James Bath to hear a judge admitted that he was innocent, 35 years behind bars for a crime he did not commit. The scene took place Thursday in Bartow, Florida.

The man who has just been released today 54. When he was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1974 for kidnapping and rape of a boy, he was 19. Since then, James Bain had consistently maintained his innocence. The victim, aged 9, thought to recognize the photos displayed by the police.

On his release, James Bain said smilingly that he felt "no bitterness" and thought primarily to "reconsider his mother he called on the phone. It was the first time he used a cell phone.

It is an association of lawyers, The Innocence Project, who took up his case and worked for his release. This association is fighting to get DNA testing to prisoners, to ascertain their guilt.

According to The Innocence Project, James Bain is the 248th person exonerated through DNA testing in the United States. Of all these, he is one who has spent the most time in prison.

The work of the association in 2009 has enabled the release of 27 prisoners who had suffered imprisonment for 15 years on average for crimes they did not commit. "Their cases reveal serious flaws in the criminal justice system," reads the association on its website.

The Innocence Project calls including reform of the identification by the eyewitnesses. "This is the main cause of conviction of innocent people," said one official of the association.

Visiting Paris in October 2007, one of the leaders of the association, Greg Hampikian was spent Rue89, after going to visit a laboratory for DNA analysis of the national gendarmerie. We had confided his desire to mount an Innocence Project in France:

"People here seem surprised, but like everywhere, there must also be innocent in prison"

After the failure of Copenhagen: should we remove the UN?

Nicolas Sarkozy said at the end of the Copenhagen United Nations system was "breathless" the UMP has followed the lead Saturday in the process of enacting UN decisions "run its course." Maybe, but before signing the death certificate, what would replace the system of global governance in place at the end of the Second World War and is still the only instance of overall legitimacy?

The object of criticism

The presidential annoyance is based on the fact that the UN Conference on Climate Change in Copenhagen, he was a consensus to reach decisions. No majority vote in such instances, it must negotiate until disappear drafts the famous "hook" that mark all the points of disagreement.

If there is no consensus, the negotiators should lower the level of consensus or simply remove the disputed clause. This explains, on arrival, when there is a disagreement as was the case Copenague a full soft, without constraint.

The majority, apparently with the "talking points" dictated by the Elysée, has decided to attack at this point to justify the failure of the Conference - and thus to minimize the risk of criticism vis-à-vis Nicolas Sarkozy. For the UMP:

"This summit has shown, however, the problems of decision making UN has shown its limits and all that seems to run its course. "


As for Christian Estrosi, Minister of Industry, he said on Saturday:

"As President (Nicolas Sarkozy) has shown itself to 120 nations, a system based on consensus will never lead to significant advances. "


In passing qu'Estrosi, which seems to have a perspective on everything, happily zaps some 70 countries since the number of member states of the UN, and therefore participants in the Copenhagen Conference is 192.


These criticisms are true?

The United Nations was born in 1945 on the ruins of the League of Nations (SDN) pre-war who had not had the means to prevent the descent into the underworld of Europe and the world. It was both "muscles" this global organization and give it the means to prevent war (with the famous "Chapter 7" of the Charter, which allows an armed intervention in cases of serious threat Peace), while "democratizing" the international society.

This dual requirement carries with it a contradiction that is reflected in the UN institutions. The UN is both a General Assembly in which each state, large or small, theoretically weighs the same weight, and a Security Council decision-making fifteen members, five permanent (China, USA, France, UK and Russia) with the right of veto and ten other states elected for two years on a regional basis.

This operation was designed to provide power from the winning side of the war on a dominant role for global stability. An illusion since shortly after the creation of the UN, the Cold War jammed the machine and the game of vetoes and influences has "sealed" the Security Council for forty years until the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Since 1990, the UN believed that its "golden age" would return with the end of the East-West rivalry and thus the end of vetoes stun the benefit of client states. It was a new illusion, or rather disillusionment, which failed in the inability of the world organization in the 90s to prevent the Balkan wars, to intervene during the Rwandan genocide, or simply to enforce its own resolutions, the Middle East for example.

The unilateralism of the Bush administration in the outbreak of the Iraq war in 2003 has ruined any hope left to see the Security Council as a new hub of global governance, an impotence which still continues despite the change of administration Washington.


Copenhagen And in all this?

The summit on climate has little to do with these problems. These conferences, initiated by the UN in the 90s on social issues such as water, health, human rights, disarmament, women's rights, children or poverty, have gradually took the form of mégasommets together in one place thousands of delegates from member states of the United Nations, thousands of representatives of NGOs and an international civil society becoming more vocal, and thousands of police officers ...

These conferences have always operated by consensus, with iron hand, crises and compromises in the middle of the night. It is exhausting, but it's the only way to advance the world in unison to build a body of values and common decisions.

But this is not the need to make a consensus of 192 who have had problems in Copenhagen, is the inability of the most powerful and agree to "sell" then their compromise as many. If those who weigh more, the largest industrial polluter in the world (USA, EU) and major emerging countries (Brazil, China, India) were able to find significant common ground, the summit would not completed on such a feeling of collapse.

Realpolitik was invited to the negotiating table, and how could it be otherwise? How to imagine that China, a new superpower of the moment, the economy started again with a double-digit growth and a strong national affirmation also, do not come to Copenhagen to impose its views, and in particular reject any perceived control as a " interference in its affairs?

And it applies to the United States, Obama got a "naked" in the words of our blogger Helen Crié without consensus behind him in his own country for more advanced high?

The problem is that Nicolas Sarkozy is willing to force the savior of the world, he rarely plays collectively. He believed that the support of Brazil's Lula, the relationship of France with Africa, and a last-minute duet with Britain's Gordon Brown would be enough to win. All observers have pointed at Copenhagen erasure of the European Union, despite its weight, its efforts "virtuous" Environment and Chair of the Summit.

This collective diplomatic impotence has nothing to do with the need for consensus, but everything to do with new international power relations, and personal boundaries of statesmen, they call Obama or Sarkozy.

Replace the UN? 

Is it reasonable or demagogic now designate the system of UN as a scapegoat for the failure? It is obvious that the UN functioning poorly, suffer from weak leadership in the person of too discreet South Korean Ban Ki-moon, and inability to reform itself to reflect new global equilibrium in the composition of its Security Council.

Should we therefore focus more confined bodies such as the G20, which arose in favor of the financial crisis, which seems set to continue, gathering around the large table yesterday and tomorrow, plus a sprinkling of international organizations (IMF, World Bank) and regional representatives?

The G20 may be most effective in times of crisis to coordinate policies, but now he has legitimacy nor universal, or means of action. And, most importantly, it will not prevent the interests of more powerful win at the expense of the general interest. This is what happened in Copenhagen. This is not drawing on the UN that exceed this impasse.

How Obama saved Copenhagen

The President of the United States Barack Obama was forced Friday, December 18th in the evening in a meeting between leaders of China, India, Brazil and South Africa to snatch a minimum agreement in Copenhagen, but this failure was total. The Europeans were totally absent.

The President of the United States Barack Obama was forced Friday, December 18th in the evening in a meeting between leaders of China, India, Brazil and South Africa to snatch a minimum agreement in Copenhagen, but this failure was total. The Europeans were totally absent.

This site specializes in American politics, Politico, who made the revelation and tells the story behind the scenes negotiations in the last hours seen by the U.S. delegation. It shows in particular that Barack Obama has had to bang on to attend the meeting to the great anger of the Chinese who did not want his presence. But Bush does not want secret negotiations between the four countries.

Feeling Friday that the disaster was being profiled and diplomacy, grand Mass led UN is nothing Barack Obama then asked for a face-to-head with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Friday afternoon. It was to get agreement on key points of negotiation that blocked such as transparency and control of commitments. After two weeks, only the United States and China had enough leverage to force an agreement. Barack Obama and Wen Jiabao have agreed in principle, but he still had to convince the Prime Minister of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and South African President Jacob Zuma.

But late Friday afternoon, everything seemed lost, officially Singh and Wen had both left the conference believing that an agreement was possible that the Chinese and U.S. proposals were not acceptable, and the delegation was heading towards the same airport. In fact, leaders of China, India, Brazil and South Africa then held a secret meeting with Barack Obama was informed by his delegation. He decided to make one last attempt and win in this meeting to bring each other to account.

The President of the United States succeeded in persuading the leaders of four nations that a failure of the summit they would also be detrimental. The negotiation lasted an hour and a half and ended with an agreement between the five nations that is a fact that which gave birth on top.

A third detainee transferred to Guantanamo in Italy

A third Tunisian detainee at Guantanamo was being transferred to Italy where he will be tried for terrorist leaders, reported Sunday the Italian television.

According to the private channel TG5, it would be a man of 40 years, Moez Ben Abdelkader Fezzani, also known as Abu Nassim. His plane was expected Sunday night at Milan's Malpensa airport. An arrest warrant issued by Italy in 2007 accusing him of belonging to al-Qaeda.

Last month, Italy had hosted two other Tunisian prisoners of the U.S. detention facility at Guantanamo in Cuba. They were detained pending trial. Rome said he wants to help Washington to close Guantanamo